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                        <loc>https://issamazzam.com/al-kawy-salem</loc>
            
            
            <lastmod>2026-04-17T04:32:28+00:00</lastmod>
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                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Q2884456505202056280557178271715/Site-1-Palm.mp4</image:loc>
                                            <image:caption>As the palm bloomed, its roots expanded, and fronds created shadow. The base of the palm tree was elevated with soil, and in its shade, a small garden was planted, chamomile, coriander and raspberries protected from the solar radiation, as the evapotranspiration from the small plants kept the gardeners cool, and dates fruiting. Towards the end of the first palm’s lifecycle, 75 years later, one of the gardeners crushed a raspberry plant, the purple band of heavy metals had faded, replaced by stains of phosphorus and citric acid, hormones released by the palm’s roots absorbed by the garden’s plants. The palm, its garden, and its gardeners were working in an autopoietic loop, a self-sustaining equilibrium, as the debris became arranged more definitely to the shape the new gardens within the fields.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

</image:caption>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/W2884535415927538288254989580259/250412_Site1_Imprint.png</image:loc>
                                            <image:caption>

It was on the left bank of the starved fields that Fayoumis crushed their first sample. The chromatogram which bled and unveiled a red band, DDT, an organochloride pesticide deposited by the British to stimulate cotton production. Across the transect of the canal, at the base of each of the three chromatograms appeared purple bands of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride. The army’s chemical basins on the right bank had leached into the groundwater and across the canal. Further up the paper, a yellow and pink stain, radon and sulfur dioxide gases, unsure of their origins, they remained focused on the other colours, they knew other myths in the chemical network were unfolding elsewhere.

</image:caption>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/T2884592698343655961493689022435/Site-1-Section.mp4</image:loc>
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                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Y2884606013314208829490302760931/Site-1-Canal-Disassembly-Phase1.mp4</image:loc>
                                            <image:caption>And so, when the army left, they began to disassemble the canal in pieces along its left bank, following the logic of its original construction, they worked across in segments. Their cuts allowed the water to flood their farms, polluted as it may be, the water was theirs once more.

</image:caption>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/J2886172356587721044327972419555/250424_Site1_Phase2.png</image:loc>
                                            <image:caption>As water flooded their farms, they planted alfalfa in rows as a pioneer species, but when harvested and eaten, the crop made their cattle sick. The alfalfa was working a powerful hyperaccumulator, soaking up the heavy metals deposited in the soil and storing it in their fibres, and so they continued to plant it over generations, but refused to feed it to their animals. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

</image:caption>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
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                                            <image:caption>

Another century passed, as they continued to break down and rearrange the debris to frame the palms gardens. Around them, the crop planting began to blur once more into the sculpted drainage, as these adjacent systems found their rhythm in Al-Kawy Salem.

</image:caption>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
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                                            <image:caption>

It was on the left bank of the starved fields that Fayoumis crushed their first sample. The chromatogram which bled and unveiled a red band, DDT, an organochloride pesticide deposited by the British to stimulate cotton production. Across the transect of the canal, at the base of each of the three chromatograms appeared purple bands of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride. The army’s chemical basins on the right bank had leached into the groundwater and across the canal. Further up the paper, a yellow and pink stain, radon and sulfur dioxide gases, unsure of their origins, they remained focused on the other colours, they knew other myths in the chemical network were unfolding elsewhere.

</image:caption>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Y2886172356550827556180553316323/250423_Site1_Phase3b-01.png</image:loc>
                                    </image:image>
            
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            <lastmod>2026-04-17T04:59:08+00:00</lastmod>
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                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Q2884456505202056280557178271715/Site-1-Palm.mp4</image:loc>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
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                                    </image:image>
            
                
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                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Y2884606013314208829490302760931/Site-1-Canal-Disassembly-Phase1.mp4</image:loc>
                                            <image:caption>And so, when the army left, they began to disassemble the canal in pieces along its left bank, following the logic of its original construction, they worked across in segments. Their cuts allowed the water to flood their farms, polluted as it may be, the water was theirs once more.</image:caption>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/J2886172356587721044327972419555/250424_Site1_Phase2.png</image:loc>
                                            <image:caption>As water flooded their farms, they planted alfalfa in rows as a pioneer species, but when harvested and eaten, the crop made their cattle sick. The alfalfa was working a powerful hyperaccumulator, soaking up the heavy metals deposited in the soil and storing it in their fibres, and so they continued to plant it over generations, but refused to feed it to their animals. &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0em;&quot;&gt;As the palm bloomed, its roots expanded, and fronds created shadow. The base of the palm tree was elevated with soil, and in its shade, a small garden was planted, chamomile, coriander and raspberries protected from the solar radiation, as the evapotranspiration from the small plants kept the gardeners cool, and dates fruiting. Towards the end of the first palm’s lifecycle, 75 years later, one of the gardeners crushed a raspberry plant, the purple band of heavy metals had faded, replaced by stains of phosphorus and citric acid, hormones released by the palm’s roots absorbed by the garden’s plants. The palm, its garden, and its gardeners were working in an autopoietic loop, a self-sustaining equilibrium, as the debris became arranged more definitely to the shape the new gardens within the fields.&lt;/span&gt;</image:caption>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/N2886172356606167788401681971171/250424_Site1_Phase3a-01.png</image:loc>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
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                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/L2886172356624614532475391522787/250511_Site1_Phase6-01.png</image:loc>
                                            <image:caption>Another century passed, as they continued to break down and rearrange the debris to frame the palms gardens. Around them, the crop planting began to blur once more into the sculpted drainage, as these adjacent systems found their rhythm in Al-Kawy Salem.</image:caption>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
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                                    </image:image>
            
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            <lastmod>2026-04-17T04:41:44+00:00</lastmod>
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                                    </image:image>
            
                
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                        <loc>https://issamazzam.com/al-rayan-copy</loc>
            
            
            <lastmod>2026-04-17T05:21:37+00:00</lastmod>
            <changefreq>always</changefreq>
            <priority>0.5</priority>


            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/H2884618725648079553469574756323/Site-2-Section.mp4</image:loc>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/U2884630418116810674268866557923/Site-2-Dune-Section.mp4</image:loc>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/L2884632850947206091379371882467/Site-2-Multiple-Dunes_720.mp4</image:loc>
                                            <image:caption>When the winds would switch, and sand began to gather in a new direction, they worked quickly to stabilize it. Their topographic manipulations indexing the shifting patterns of the desert winds, forms which began to shape each other through friction. Once more, the Fayoumis knew they were approaching the edge of the Sahara when they were greeted by the new gardens of Al-Rayan.&lt;br /&gt;
</image:caption>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/S2884646483312437491622530725859/Site-2-Salt-Absorption-2.mp4</image:loc>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/M2884678778636029889366960060387/250511_Site2_Phase1-01.png</image:loc>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/W2884680677230270187775141033955/250511_Site2_Imprint-01.png</image:loc>
                                            <image:caption>With the army gone, the chromatograms of the Al-Rayan’s plants unveiled an electric blue band of sodium chloride, salty brine which had permeated through the ground and spread under the fence, and further up the paper, a band of pink, sulphur dioxide, gas released into the air from the salt mining, which travelled for miles when the winds switched east.&lt;br /&gt;</image:caption>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/I2884680677156483211480302827491/250421_Site2_Phase2_Plan-01.png</image:loc>
                                            <image:caption>For the first decade, they continued their disassembly, cutting out the mesh of the fences, allowing easier access for the people who were still fearful. Some of the metal was sold, and the rest of the mesh was used to create the structure for new gardens.</image:caption>
                                    </image:image>
            
                
                <image:image>
                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R2884683876818029772696868829155/250511_Site2_Phase4_Prickly-Lettuce_5-plants-01---Copy.png</image:loc>
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        </url>
            <url>
                        <loc>https://issamazzam.com/naqlun</loc>
            
            
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        </url>
            <url>
                        <loc>https://issamazzam.com/oasis-networks-of-knowledge</loc>
            
            
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        </url>
            <url>
                        <loc>https://issamazzam.com/oases-networks-of-knowledge</loc>
            
            
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        </url>
            <url>
                        <loc>https://issamazzam.com/al-ain-oasis</loc>
            
            
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Al Ain Oasis, the largest of its kind in the city of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, spans approximately 1,200 hectares and is home to over 147,000 date palms. This verdant expanse owes its lushness to the ancient falaj irrigation system, a network of underground channels that has sustained agriculture in the region for millennia. 

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                                            <image:caption>&lt;i&gt;“This is always how I’ve made rope, and it will always be the best way to make it. I use a little bit of water to start matting the fibres and then just twist. They’ve offered me to work in the AC, but I hate it in there, I prefer to work out here.”&lt;/i&gt;</image:caption>
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                                            <image:caption>The Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage (ADACH) has been at the forefront of these preservation efforts. One of their notable projects is the Al Ain Oasis Cultural Quarter Master Plan, which emphasizes the integration of traditional architectural elements into contemporary designs. </image:caption>
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Al Ain Oasis, the largest of its kind in the city of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, spans approximately 1,200 hectares and is home to over 147,000 date palms. This verdant expanse owes its lushness to the ancient falaj irrigation system, a network of underground channels that has sustained agriculture in the region for millennia. 

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                                            <image:caption>&lt;i&gt;“Sheikh Zayad II made all water shares free, in contrast to the previous system of trading water shares.  “Maintenace and waste collection costs are alsocovered by the government.”
&lt;br /&gt;
Dates bought at a fixed market price, but hes they don’t need the money anyway.  But the question remains: do younger generations want to do this work? Communal Spaces are managed by the areef, litter, netting etc. Pesticide spraying is also paid for.”&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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                                            <image:caption>Beyond pest control, the maintenance strategy encompasses efficient resource utilization and waste minimization. Pruning and trimming of date palms, essential for tree health and productivity, generate substantial organic material. Instead of discarding these trimmings, the oasis employs innovative recycling methods. Portions of the trimmed leaves are processed and repurposed as feed for livestock, providing a sustainable feed source and reducing waste.
&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
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                                            <image:caption>&lt;i&gt;“We set up local palm building workshops and provide food and shade for people to work in. We have a traditional crafts centre [‘souk’] in the oasis, which subsidises local people to come and get involved in traditional crafts...After intensive rains (2007), we worked on rebuilding parts of the Al-Jahili fort using traditional methods.”&lt;/i&gt;</image:caption>
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                                            <image:caption>Beyond water management, the oasis’s preservation involves meticulous care of its extensive date palm plantations and other fruit-bearing trees, such as mangoes, oranges, bananas, figs, and jujube.</image:caption>
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                                            <image:caption>The &lt;i&gt;falaj &lt;/i&gt;system ingeniously transports water from sources in the Hajar Mountains, situated several kilometers to the east, to the oasis’s agricultural plots. This method involves a series of components: Umm Al Falaj (Mother Well): The primary source supplying water to the falaj. Main Channel or Tunnel: An underground passage that conveys water over long distances. Surface Channel or Ditch: A ground-level conduit distributing water within the oasis.
&lt;br /&gt;
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                                            <image:caption>Moreover, oral history preserves cultural identity and resilience, reinforcing the social fabric of oasis communities. As modernization and climate change threaten these fragile ecosystems, safeguarding oral traditions and vernacular knowledge becomes essential to adaptive strategies for environmental conservation and cultural heritage preservation.</image:caption>
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                                            <image:caption>Date palm trunks are utilized in the creation of furniture and as planters for flowers, while leaves are transformed into ropes, fencing, and roofing materials for traditional buildings. Additionally, artisans craft ornaments, baskets, and furniture from the leaves, preserving and promoting traditional Emirati handicraft techniques. 
&lt;br /&gt;
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        </url>
            <url>
                        <loc>https://issamazzam.com/siwa-oasis</loc>
            
            
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                                            <image:caption>&lt;i&gt;“Everyone has their own pump now...so it is pointless, because the water level is lowering and forcing us to use gas or solar pumed to pump water from a deeper well to a shallow reservor which we can then use to irrigate.”&lt;/i&gt; 
&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
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                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/V2886289075501602110090842159075/IMG_1318-Large.JPG</image:loc>
                                            <image:caption>The oasis’s architecture is notable for its use of kershif, a traditional building material comprising salt and mud-brick. The ancient fortress of Shali Ghadi, constructed from kershif, stands as a testament to this vernacular architecture. However, a devastating three-day rain in 1926 severely damaged the fortress, leading to its abandonment. Today, the ruins of Shali Ghadi remain a prominent feature, symbolizing both the resilience and vulnerability of Siwa’s architectural heritage.&lt;br /&gt;
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                                            <image:caption>The practice of deep groundwater pumping in Siwa Oasis has introduced significant environmental and agricultural challenges, threatening the long-term sustainability of this historically significant ecosystem. While groundwater extraction has facilitated agricultural expansion and economic development, its unregulated use has led to severe ecological consequences, including rising water tables, increased soil salinity, and the formation of saltwater lakes.&lt;br /&gt;</image:caption>
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                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/N2886289075686069550827937675235/IMG_1650-Large.JPG</image:loc>
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                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/P2886289075741409783049066330083/IMG_1742-Large.JPG</image:loc>
                                            <image:caption>The oasis’s architecture is notable for its use of kershif, a traditional building material comprising salt and mud-brick. The ancient fortress of Shali Ghadi, constructed from kershif, stands as a testament to this vernacular architecture. However, a devastating three-day rain in 1926 severely damaged the fortress, leading to its abandonment. Today, the ruins of Shali Ghadi remain a prominent feature, symbolizing both the resilience and vulnerability of Siwa’s architectural heritage.&lt;br /&gt;
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                                            <image:caption> &lt;i&gt;“People used to pump to 60 metres, but now they go upto 100m. For crops which need really good water, we go down to the geological water, maya helwa, which is 1000m deep. But  it is a huge problem, it is the livelihood of Siwans.”&lt;/i&gt;</image:caption>
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        </url>
            <url>
                        <loc>https://issamazzam.com/fayoum-oasis</loc>
            
            
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                                            <image:caption>“&lt;i&gt;Of course, we are very worried about the [Grand Ethiopiam Rennaissance Dam], we can already see the water level going down every year. We used to get 50 billion litres, and I don’t even think that we get half of that now- maybe even less.”&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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  “As the water level drops, we pump from lower and lower down, but the problem is that we’re often sucking up sewage water to irrigate with.”

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&lt;i&gt;“What is really bad is that people are using the canals for the sewage, not just people but factories, they just dump in the canals...which means you can’t grow the same crops that you could have before, because the water is really dirty.”&lt;/i&gt;

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                                            <image:caption>&lt;i&gt;“We don’t plant like we used to, because we don’t have the water to do that...but it’s okay, we plant what we have Alhamdulillah. We leave the holes out so we plant a palm in every third one, because they take a lot up a lot of water. But sometimes we’ll plant [prickly pears] instead or sometimes easy herbs&lt;/i&gt;</image:caption>
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                                            <image:caption>


















&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left&quot;&gt;And even
when the British left, the army did not return the water to them. Instead, they
redirected the water to the right bank of the canal, where they set up a new
factory to process chemical salts in large basins.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;






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                    <image:loc>https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/P2886379015184877651329083193315/IMG_4496-Large.JPG</image:loc>
                                            <image:caption>“&lt;i&gt;Of course, we are very worried about the [Grand Ethiopiam Rennaissance Dam], we can already see the water level going down every year. We used to get 50 billion litres, and I don’t even think that we get half of that now- maybe even less.”&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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                                            <image:caption>&lt;i&gt;“New industries open up here all the time. And now, people farm fish, it’s an industrial thing but I think it makes money now. We have the water, you know from the Nile, so it makes sense to use it. The water has so much pollutant, from the sewage and factories, but the fish - they eat it! So, we grow fish now, we farm them, just like we used to grow plants, now we have fish - it’s very funny!”&lt;/i&gt;</image:caption>
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        </url>
            <url>
                        <loc>https://issamazzam.com/fayoum</loc>
            
            
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        </url>
            <url>
                        <loc>https://issamazzam.com/a-seat-at-the-table</loc>
            
            
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